Dunia Rafi

Vaksin Bebas Thimerosal: Perlu anda tahu..

Posted in General healths by wiratara on September 26, 2008

Vaksinasi atau adalah pemberian vaksin dari luar tubuh dengan tujuan untuk memberikan kekebalan terhadap penyakit tertentu. Vaksinasi ini akan memberikan kekebalan aktif kepada anak tersebut berupa antibodi terhadap antigen spesifik atau imunitas; makanya program vaksinasi massal gratis ini oleh pemerintah disebut “Imunisasi”. Di Indonesia terdapat beberapa vaksin PPI (disediakan gratis oleh pemerintah via Puskesmas atau Posyandu dalam program imunisasi) dan imunisasi anjuran yang dapat diperoleh di RS atau Praktek Dokter/Dokter Anak. Vaksin PPI adalah BCG, Hep B, DPT, Polio, Campak; Sedangkan vaksin anjuran yang umum diberikan adalah HiB, MMR. Sedangkan vaksin yang lain sifatnya occasional atau tergantung keadaan misalnya Thypim-vi, TT, Influenza, Rabies, dll.

Nah, baru-baru ini dunia dihebohkan karena adanya laporan kasus bahwa thimerosal (zat penstabil vaksin) yang dipakai dalam beberapa produk vaksin yang beredar termasuk di Indonesia dapat menimbulkan autisme di kemudian hari. Sebetulnya dari beberapa review ahli, thimerosal tidak terbukti secara signifikan menyebabkan “Autisme” seperti yang dilaporkan. Dan FDA masih menganjurkan untuk pemberian vaksin yang mengandung thimerosal ini kepada bayi-bayi dan anak di Amerika mengingat manfaat yang diberikannya jauh lebih besar.

Nah, mari kita lihat beberapa vaksin yang mengandung thimerosal; hanya untuk informasi anda. Nah, kalau anda masih belum yakin keamanan thimerosal, anda bisa pilih vaksin untuk penyakit yang sama dengan jenis/produk lain yang tidak mengandung thimerosal supaya anda lebih yakin.

Salam parenting..

Tables

Table 1. Thimerosal Content of Vaccines Routinely Recommended for Children 6 Years of Age and Younger – (updated 7/18/2005*)
*Since this update, a biologics license application was approved for Rotavirus Vaccine, Tradename-RotaTeq (Merck), that is thimerosal free and never contained thimerosal.

Vaksin Nama dagang
(Pabrikan)		 Status konsentrasi Thimerosal **(raksa/merkuri) Tanggal disetujui bebas Thimerosal atau Thimerosal / Preservative Free (Trace Thimerosal)*** Formulation
DTaP Infanrix
(GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals)		 Free Never contained more than a trace of thimerosal, approval date for thimerosal-free formulation 9/29/2000
Daptacel
(Sanofi Pasteur, Ltd)		 Free Never contained Thimerosal
Tripedia
(Sanofi Pasteur, Inc)		 Trace(≤0.3 µg Hg/0.5mL dose) 03/07/01
DTaP-HepB-IPV Pediarix
(GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals)		 Free Never contained more than a Trace of Thimerosal, approval date for thimerosal-free formulation 1/29/2007
Pneumococcal conjugate Prevnar
(Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Inc)		 Free Never contained Thimerosal
Inactivated Poliovirus IPOL
(Sanofi Pasteur, SA)		 Free Never contained Thimerosal
Varicella (chicken pox) Varivax
(Merck & Co, Inc)		 Free Never contained Thimerosal
Mumps, measles, and rubella M-M-R-II
(Merck & Co, Inc)		 Free Never contained Thimerosal
Hepatitis B Recombivax HB
(Merck & Co, Inc)		 Free 08/27/99
Engerix B
(GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals)		 Free 03/28/00, approval date for thimerosal-free formulation 1/30/2007
Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate (Hib) ActHIB
(Sanofi Pasteur, SA)
OmniHIB
(GlaxoSmithKline)		 Free Never contained Thimerosal
PedvaxHIB
(Merck & Co, Inc)		 Free 08/99
HibTITER, single dose
(Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Inc.)1		 Free Never contained Thimerosal
Hib/Hepatitis B combination Comvax
(Merck & Co, Inc)		 Free Never contained Thimerosal
Influenza Fluzone
(Sanofi Pasteur, Inc)		 0.01% (12.5 µg/0.25 mL dose, 25 µg/0.5 mL dose)2  
Fluzone
(Sanofi Pasteur, Inc)3
(no thimerosal)		 Free 12/23/2004
Fluvirin
(Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Ltd)		 0.01% (25 µg/0.5 mL dose)  
Fluvirin
(Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Ltd)
(Preservative Free)		 Trace (<1ug Hg/0.5mL dose) 09/28/01
Influenza, live FluMist
(MedImmune Vaccines, Inc)		 Free Never contained Thimerosal

** Thimerosal is approximately 50% mercury (Hg) by weight. A 0.01% solution (1 part per 10,000) of thimerosal contains 50 µg of Hg per 1 mL dose or 25 µg of Hg per 0.5 mL dose.
*** The term “trace” has been taken in this context to mean 1 microgram of mercury per dose or less.
1 HibTiITER was also manufactured in thimerosal-preservative containing multidose vials but these were no longer available after 2002.
2 Children 6 months old to less than 3 years of age receive a half-dose of vaccine, i.e., 0.25 mL; children 3 years of age and older receive 0.5 mL.
3 A trace thimerosal containing formulation of Fluzone was approved on 9/14/02 and has been replaced with the formulation without thimerosal.

Table of Contents

Table 2: Preservatives Used in U.S. Licensed Vaccines

Pengawet Contoh Vaksin (Nama Dagang, Pabrikan)
Thimerosal TT (one)
Influenza (several)
Phenol Typhoid Vi Polysaccharide (Typhim Vi; Sanofi Pasteur, SA)
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide (Pneumovax 23; Merck & Co, Inc)
Benzethonium chloride (Phemerol) Anthrax (Biothrax; BioPort Corporation)
2-phenoxyethanol DTaP (Infanrix; GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals)
DTaP (Daptacel; Sanofi Pasteur, Ltd)
Hepatitis A/Hepatitis B (Twinrix; GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals)
IPV (IPOL; Sanofi Pasteur, SA)

Table of Contents

Table 3: Thimerosal and Expanded List of Vaccines – (updated 3/14/2008)
Thimerosal Content in Currently Manufactured U.S. Licensed Vaccines

Vaccine Trade Name Manufacturer Thimerosal Concentration1 Mercury
Anthrax Anthrax vaccine BioPort Corporation 0 0
DTaP Tripedia2 Sanofi Pasteur, Inc ≤ 0.00012% ≤ 0.3 µg/0.5 mL dose
Infanrix GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals 0 0
Daptacel Sanofi Pasteur, Ltd 0 0
DTaP-HepB-IPV Pediarix GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals 0 0
DT No Trade Name Sanofi Pasteur, Inc < 0.00012% (single dose) < 0.3 µg/0.5mL dose
Sanofi Pasteur, Ltd3 0.01% 25 µg/0.5 mL dose
Td No Trade Name Mass Public Health 0.0033% 8.3 µg/0.5 mL dose
Decavac Sanofi Pasteur, Inc ≤ 0.00012% ≤ 0.3 µg mercury/0.5 ml dose
No Trade Name Sanofi Pasteur, Ltd 0 0
Tdap Adacel Sanofi Pasteur, Ltd 0 0
Boostrix GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals 0 0
TT No Trade Name Sanofi Pasteur, Inc 0.01% 25 µg/0.5 mL dose
Hib ActHIB/OmniHIB4 Sanofi Pasteur, SA 0 0
HibTITER Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 0 0
PedvaxHIB liquid Merck & Co, Inc 0 0
Hib/HepB COMVAX5 Merck & Co, Inc 0 0
Hepatitis B Engerix-B
Pediatric/adolescent Adult		 GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals     00   00
Recombivax HBPediatric/adolescentAdult (adolescent)Dialysis Merck & Co, Inc  000  000
Hepatitis A Havrix GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals 0 0
Vaqta Merck & Co, Inc 0 0
HepA/HepB Twinrix GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals < 0.0002% < 1 µg/1mL dose
IPV IPOL Sanofi Pasteur, SA 0 0
Poliovax Sanofi Pasteur, Ltd 0 0
Influenza Afluria CSL Limited 0 (single dose)
0.01% (multidose)		 0/0.5 mL (single dose)
24.5 µg/0.5 mL (multidose)
Fluzone6 Sanofi Pasteur, Inc 0.01% 25 µg/0.5 mL dose
Fluvirin Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Ltd 0.01% 25 µg/0.5 ml dose
Fluzone (no thimerosal) Sanofi Pasteur, Inc 0 0
Fluvirin (Preservative Free) Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Ltd < 0.0004% < 1 µg/0.5 mL dose
Fluarix GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals < 0.0004% < 1 µg/0.5 ml dose
FluLaval ID Biomedical Corporation of Quebec 0.01% 25 µg/0.5 ml dose
Influenza, live FluMist MedImmune Vaccines, Inc 0 0
Japanese Encephalitis7 JE-VAX Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University 0.007% 35 µg/1.0mL dose
17.5 µg/0.5 mL dose
MMR MMR-II Merck & Co, Inc 0 0
Meningococcal Menomune A, C, AC and A/C/Y/W-135 Sanofi Pasteur, Inc 0.01% (multidose)
0 (single dose)		 25 µg/0.5 dose
0
Menactra A, C, Y and W-135 Sanofi Pasteur, Inc 0 0
Pneumococcal Prevnar (Pneumo Conjugate) Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Inc 0 0
Pneumovax 23 Merck & Co, Inc 0 0
Rabies IMOVAX Sanofi Pasteur, SA 0 0
Rabavert Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics 0 0
Smallpox (Vaccinia), Live ACAM2000 Acambis, Inc. 0 0
Typhoid Fever Typhim Vi Sanofi Pasteur, SA 0 0
Vivotif Berna Biotech, Ltd 0 0
Varicella Varivax Merck & Co, Inc 0 0
Yellow Fever Y-F-Vax Sanofi Pasteur, Inc 0 0
Table Footnotes

  1. Thimerosal is approximately 50% mercury (Hg) by weight. A 0.01% solution (1 part per 10,000) of thimerosal contains 50 µg of Hg per 1 ml dose or 25 µg of Hg per 0.5 ml dose.
  2. Sanofi Pasteur’s Tripedia may be used to reconstitute ActHib to form TriHIBit. TriHIBit is indicated for use in children 15 to 18 months of age.
  3. This vaccine is not marketed in the US.
  4. OmniHIB is manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur but distributed by GlaxoSmithKline.
  5. COMVAX is not licensed for use under 6 weeks of age because of decreased response to the Hib component.
  6. Children under 3 years of age receive a half-dose of vaccine, i.e., 0.25 mL (12.5 µg mercury/dose.)
  7. JE-VAX is distributed by Aventis Pasteur. Children 1 to 3 years of age receive a half-dose of vaccine, i.e., 0.5 mL (17.5 µg mercury/dose).

 

dikutip dari http://www.fda.gov/CBER/vaccine/thimerosal.htm sumber lainnya thimerosal-review

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